Wetlands Mitigation 

---

Laws 

•  Clean Water Act - including Section 404 

Regulations

• Corps Regulations - including 33 CFR Part 332 (Compensatory Mitigation) 
• EPA Regulations - including 40 CFR Part 230 
• Mitigation Rulemaking in 2008 

Other Resources 

• The Conservation Fund - Mitigation Bank Training for IRT members
• Corps Video on Mitigation 
• Ecosystem Marketplace, U.S. Wetland Banking
• ELI - In Lieu Fee Mitigation: Model Instrument Language and Resources (ELI - 2009)​
• EPA Fact Sheet on Mitigation 
• EPA/Corps Model Mitigation Plan Checklist 
• EPA Mitigation Banking Website
• Rebecca L. Kihslinger, Success of Wetland Mitigation Projects, 30:2 National Wetlands Newsletter 14 (2008)
• In Lieu Fee Programs Approved by the Corps’ Sacramento District
• J.B. Ruhl & James Salzman, The Effects of Wetland Mitigation Banking on People, 28 Natl. Wetlands Newsletter 8 (2006)
• Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wetland Restoration Techniques
• National Academy of Sciences Report on Compensatory Mitigation 
• National Environmental Banking Association (NEMA) Web Page 
• Restrictive Covenant Example for Permittee Mitigation 
• Restrictive Covenant for Mitigation Banking 
• RIBITS (Corps’ Regulatory In Lieu Fee and Bank Information Tracking System)
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento District, Mitigation
• 1995 Mitigation Banking Guidance (superseded by the 2008 mitigation regulations) and Model Mitigation Banking Instrument that Predates the 2008 Regulations 
• 2000 Federal In Lieu Fee Guidance (superseded) 

Policies and Reports 

• Environmental Law Institute, Banks and Fees: The Status of Off-Site Wetland Mitigation in the United States (Sept. 2002) 
• Environmental Law Institute, The Status and Character of In Lieu Fee Mitigation in the United States (June 2006)
• Federal Guidance for the Establishment, Use and Operation of Mitigation Banks, 68 Fed. Reg. 58605 (Nov. 28, 1995) 
• Memorandum of Agreement Between the Department of the Army and the Environmental Protection Agency: The Determination of Mitigation Under the Clean Water Act Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines (Feb. 1990) 
• U.S. Department of Agriculture, Engineering Field Handbook, Part 650, Chapter 13, Wetland Restoration, Enhancement or Creation (Apr. 2008)
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , RGL 01-01, Guidance for the Establishment and Maintenance of Compensatory Mitigation Projects Under the Corps Regulatory Program Pursuant to Section 404(a) of the Clean Water Act and Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (Oct. 31, 2001)
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, RGL 02-02, Guidance on Compensatory Mitigation Projects for Aquatic Resource Impacts Under the Corps Regulatory Program Pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (Dec. 24, 2002)
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Inspector General, Report No. 14-P-0191, EPA Needs to Clarify its Claim of “No Net Loss” of Wetlands (April 16, 2014)
• U.S. General Accounting Office, GAO-01-325, Wetlands Protection: Assessments Needed to Determine Effectiveness of In-Lieu Fee Mitigation (May 2001) 
• U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO-05-898, Corps of Engineers Does Not Have an Effective Oversight Approach to Ensure That Compensatory Mitigation is Occurring (Sept. 8, 2005).